Dermatite fúngica associada à Rhodotorula glutinis em cão - Canis familiaris ): relato de caso / Fungal dermatitis associated to Rhodotorula glutinis in dog (Canis familiaris): case report

O fungo Rhodotorula sp. era considerado como não patogênico, mas, com o aumento de casos de humanos imunossuprimidos nas últimas duas décadas, as espécies R. mucilaginosa, R. glutinis e R. minuta se tornaram agentes potencialmente patogênicos. Poucos relatos clínicos veterinários associados à Rhodotorula spp. foram descritos, e o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever um caso de dermatite fúngica causada por R. glutinis em cão imunossuprimido devido à leishmaniose visceral e osteossarcoma, na cidade de Cuiabá-Mato Grosso. Um cão, macho, 11 anos, sem raça definida, foi trazido ao Hospital Veterinário apresentando lesões de pele com diagnóstico de dermatofitose e foi prescrito tratamento tópico à base de óleo de melaleuca, sem melhora após um mês de tratamento. O animal retornou ao Hospital Veterinário com hemorragia na região lesionada da cauda, e foi realizada biópsia para exames microbiológico e histopatológico. Nas análises microbiológica e histopatológica, foi isolada uma levedura e detectada a presença de estrutura semelhante a leveduras na coloração de prata, respectivamente. A levedura isolada foi identificada como R. glutinis por meio do sequenciamento do DNA. Um novo tratamento foi instituído, sem melhora do quadro clínico. O animal foi diagnosticado também com leishmaniose e osteossarcoma, provavelmente ocasionando a immunossupressão, e seu quadro evoluiu a óbito.(AU)

The fungi Rhodotorula sp was considered nonpathogenic, but with the increase of immunosuppressed humans in the last two decades, the species R. mucilaginosa, R. glutinis and R. minuta became potentially pathogenic agents. There have been few veterinary clinical reports associated with Rhodotorula spp. and this work aims to describe the first case of fungal dermatitis caused by R. glutinis in immunosuppressed dog due to visceral leishmaniasis and osteosarcoma in the city of Cuiabá-Mato Grosso. An 11-year-old male mongrel dog was examined to the Veterinary Hospital with skin lesions and the diagnosis was dermatophytosis and the treatment was implemented with topical tea tree oil for one month, but the treatment failed. The animal returned to the Veterinary Hospital with bleeding in the injured area of the tail and biopsy was performed for microbiological and histopathology evaluation. In the microbiological and histopathological analysis, yeast was isolated and yeast-like structures in silver staining were observed, respectively. The isolated yeast was identified as R. glutinis by DNA sequencing. A new treatment was implemented without clinical improvement. The animal was diagnosed with leishmaniasis and osteosarcoma, which probably caused immunosuppression, and its clinical conditions evolved to death.(AU)

Kinetic properties of cell wall bound superoxide dismutase in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) infection.

Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) is the most devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accounting huge economical losses to the industry worldwide. HD 2329 was a widely grown wheat cultivar which had become highly susceptible to stripe rust and was used to understand the biochemical aspects of the host pathogen interaction through characterization of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In the present study, two types of SOD, ionically or covalently bound to the particulate fraction were found in the stripe rust infected and uninfected wheat leaves of susceptible cultivar HD 2329. Cell walls of leaves contained a high level of SOD, of which 41-44% was extractable by 2 M NaCl and 10-13% by 0.5% EDTA in infected and uninfected leaves. The NaCl-released SOD constituted the predominant fraction. It exhibited maximum activity at pH 9.0, had a Km value of 1.82-2.51 for uninfected and 1.77-2.37 mM for infected, respectively with pyrogallol as the substrate, and a Vmax of 9.55-21.4 and 12.4-24.1 A min-1g-1FW. A temperature optimum of 20oC was observed for SOD of both uninfected and infected leaves. SOD showed differential response to metal ions, suggesting their distinctive nature. Inhibition of wall bound SOD by iodine and its partial regeneration of activity by mercaptoethanol suggested the involvement of cysteine in active site of the enzyme. These two forms showed greater differences with respect to thermodynamic properties like energy of activation (Ea) and enthalpy change (H), while entropy change (S) and free energy change (G) were similar. The results further showed that pathogen infection of the leaves of susceptible wheat cultivar induced a decrease in the SOD activity and kinetics which might be critical during the response of plant cells to the infection.

Aerosporas fúngicas del área oriente de Santiago (1996-1997) / Fungal aerospores from orient area of Santiago (1996-1997)

Utilizando un captador Burkard se estudia la aeromicrobiota presente en Santiago oriente durante 12 meses (agosto 1996 a julio 1997) identificando las aerosporas fúngicas por microscopía directa. Estas fueron agrupadas en 19 categorías taxonómicas, correspondiendo el 76.2 porciento a deuteromycetes, el 16.6 porciento a basidiomycetes, 2 porciento a ascomycetes y el 8.3 porciento a aerosporas no identificadas. En nuestro registro predominan los hongos dematiáceos debido a la gran pasiencia de cladosporium, 73 porciento. Las basidiosporas ( no identificadas) constituyeron el 8,4 porciento, carbones 4.3 porciento, ascosporas (no identificadas) 1.6 porciento, alternaria 1 porciento y el resto de los géneros con frecuencia menores al 1 porciento. Cladosporium presenta un contenido aéreo mayor en otoño (abril) como epicoccun y stemphylium; las basidiosporas, conidios de aspergillus/penicillium y ascosporas aumentan en los meses de invierno. Alternaria se dispersa con igual frecuencia durante primavera y otoño. Ganoderma y helminthos-porium aumentan durante el verano. Con el registro de tres años consecutivos se confeccionará un calendario aeromicológico que permita a los pacientes con rinitis o asma reconocer los períodos de mayor dispersión aérea de estos alérgenos

Patogenecidad de Phylloporia chrysita (Aphyllophorales: Hymenochaetaceae) sobre Erythrochiton gymnanthus (Rutaceae) / Pathogenicity on Phylloporia chrysita (Aphyllophorales: Hymemenochaetaceae) on Erythochiton gymnanthus (Rutaceae)

The pathogenicity of Phylloporia chrysita (Berk.) Ryv. on Erythrochiton gymnanthus K. (Rutaceae) was studied in Carara Biological Reserve, seasonal Pacific of Costa Rica. Growth rate and distribution of basidiocarps were determined on health and diseased plants. P. chrysita caused 52 percent growth reduction on diseased plants. Fungal hyphae were observed on epidermis, parenchyma and vascular tissue, where they caused cellular breakdown

Intoxicación alimentaria por hongos silvestres (micetismo) / Food poisoning by fungi (micetism)

En el planeta existe una gran variedad de setas, muchas de ellas tóxicas e incluso mortales. La intoxicación alimentaria por la ingestión de hongos (micetismo) es un problema muy difundido cuyo diagnóstico se confunde o pasa inadvertido. Se señalan los estados de la República en donde el mecetismo se presenta con mayor frecuencia, se alude a su cuadro clínico, diagnóstico y tratamiento

Etiología de la pudrición del cuello de la gipsófila (Gypsophila paniculata)en Tepeji del Río, Hidalgo, México / Crown rot etiology of gypsophila (gypsophila paniculata) AT Tepejí del Río, Mexico

La gipsófila es una especie ornamental de reciente introducción a México. La novedosa introducción de esta planta en nuestro país la coloca en una situación de riesgo en su proceso productivo, principalmente de carácter fitosanitario. En el rancho de Joya, municipio de Tepejí del Río, Hidalgo, se detectó una marchitez súbita de la planta en la variedad Perfecta, en la cual el proceso de decaimiento es irreversible. La incidencia de la enfermedad fue del 25 por ciento y ésta se presentaba especialmente cuando había alta humedad en el suelo después de riego o de lluvia. Se encontró que la enfermedad es causada por Phytophthora crytogea y aunque se aislaran otros hongos como Rhizoctonia sp. y Fusarium sp., éstos no causaron ningún daño al ser inoculados a la planta. Asimismo, se aislaron ocho diferentes cepas de bacterias en los resultados obtenidos, este es el primer reporte de Ph. cryptogea causando daño a esa planta en el mundo

Amanita phalloides en bosques de pinus radiata de la IX región de Chile: taxonomia, toxinas, métodos de detección, intoxicación faloidiana / Amanita phalloides in pinus radiata forests from IX region of Chile: taxonomy, toxins, detection methods, phalloidian intoxication

Se cita por primera vez en Chile Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr) Secr., junto a su descripción macro y microscópica, y algunos aspectos de su ecología. Se aporta información sobre sus toxinas, métodos de detección y cuadro clínico de la intoxicación faloidiana